三则转基因作物在欧洲的不幸遭遇：行动比语言更响亮 　　

翻译：半解一知半解     时间：2011年8月18日　　

序： 为什么绝大部分欧洲人会抵制转基因呢？一是因为欧洲人受到过几次食品安全事件的打击，知道食品安全马虎不得，二是因为欧洲有独立的科学家做过转基因的安全与毒害实验，结果发现转基因有巨大的毒害。所以，尽管美国政府和转基因财团对欧洲一直保持高压，但其转基因作物之门开了一条缝以后又关上了，现在是全欧洲禁止种植转基因作物，而且欧洲议会允许成员国单独立法禁止转基因。当然，也有一些欧洲好猫不顾转基因的巨大危害，试图把转基因欧洲化，或者以实验的名义偷种转基因作物，下面三则故事就是欧洲好猫们引发的，可见，转基因与反转基因在欧洲的较量将是长期和激烈的。　　

一、匈牙利政府依法埋葬了所有的转基因玉米　　

匈牙利销毁了所有的转基因玉米地　　

2011年7月13日　　

匈牙利已加快步伐努力清除孟山都的转基因产品。这可能是抽向孟山都的又一记耳光。今年三月份生效的新法规规定：种子必须经过转基因检测后才能推向市场。不幸的是，有一些转基因种子是在农民们不知情的情况下购买的。　　

匈牙利农村发展部副国务秘书Lajos Bognar说，被发现的约1000英亩(注：约6070亩)种植的转基因玉米种子被销毁。Lajos Bognar说，转基因玉米被犁倒掩埋起来，并补充说，花粉没有扩散。　　

与几个欧盟成员国不同的是，匈牙利禁止转基因种子。Bognar说，尽管种子商必须依法确保他们的产品是非转基因的，但检查还会继续进行。　　

给农民补偿几乎不可能　　

在调查过程中，检查人员在播种的种子里发现了先锋公司和孟山都的产品。　　

Bonar说，欧盟成员国之间货物自由移动意味着当局不会调查种子是如何进入匈牙利的，但他们会在能够发现货物的地方进行检查。当地公众电台报道说，两大国际最大的种子生产公司在事件中受到影响，在匈牙利，可能已经播种了成千上万公顷转基因种子。　　

由于刚发现种下的是转基因种子，多数当地农民有怨言。由于时令已过，栽种新种子为时已晚，所以本年度的收成就损失掉了。　　

让这些农民雪上加霜的是，在巴兰尼亚县的种子经销公司正在破产清算中，因此，即使国际种子生产商提供了补偿，也会主要是偿付给公司的债权人，而不是那些农民。　　

(来源：英国国际商务时报)　　

二、匈牙利进一步限制转基因作物的种植　　

2011年7月28日　　

匈在一次记者招待会上，政府发言人索尔坦。科瓦奇(Zoltán Kovács)说， 牙利政府将惩罚种植和销售转基因（GMO）种子的行为，并处高达20亿福林（750万欧元）的罚款。　　

科瓦奇说，政府将补偿最近发现的种植转基因种子给农民造成的任何损害。　　

农村发展部Endre Kardeván的国务秘书上周说，到7月21日止，官员发现了5000多公顷(注：75000亩)的土地上种有转基因种子，其中主要是转基因玉米，并下令销毁了这些作物。 　　

Kardeván补充说，匈牙利坚持捍卫其非中介非转基因地位和将采取严格措施坚持到底。 　　

资料来源：布达佩斯商业杂志　　

三、德国的转基因试验田被破坏　　

转基因土豆与小麦试验田被破坏　　

2011年7月12日　　

“野蛮、有针对性的袭击”　　

2011年7月9日和11日夜晚，身份不明的攻击者使用野蛮的暴力制服警卫，破坏了两个由德国研究部资助的两块涉及转基因作物的试验田。罗斯托克附近的Gross Lüsewitz试验田与（萨克森-安哈尔特州）的Üplingen试验田是用来探索新的风险评估方法。这次人为破坏的损坏价值数十万欧元。　　

几个蒙面袭击者在试验田里击败了警卫并把他们扣押起来。据项目负责人克斯廷.施密特（生物创新公司）说，这次袭击有针对性和很野蛮。在一次袭击中，攻击者配有棒球棒和胡椒喷雾剂；在另一次袭击中， 他们拿走了警卫的手机，戳破了他的汽车轮胎，用大灯将其致盲。　　

部分被破坏的转基因土豆和小麦试验田属于一个涉及中小企业、大学和德国联邦教育与研究部（BMBF）资助的联合项目。根据项目合作方英格.布洛尔（罗斯托克大学）所说，BioOK(生物安全)的目的，即“创新区域增长极”，是要让转基因作物的审批程序更便宜、更安全并更有效率。该项目计划为审批转基因作物开发出一个联合检测系统，以取代目前的风险评估过程中缩使用的许多不同的耗时长久的分析方式。　　

被捣毁的的土豆能为塑料制造产生一种名为藻青素的原料。这种原料有可能取代石油用作塑料生产原料。转基因小麦是由瑞士的苏黎世联邦理工学院（ETH）开发的，能抗某些真菌病害。　　

根据布洛尔所说，目前只有国际大农业公司才能承担转基因作物的审批过程，这要花费10年的时间和1千万欧元。而新的风险评估方法能够把审批费用减少到连欧洲中小植物育种公司也能负担得起的程度。“目前市场上大公司对转基因作物的统治地位是转基因对手的主要批评方面之一。而被毁坏的两块试验田立的作物都来自于增长极项目，所以这种破坏是毫无意义的。“破坏是对改善审批过程的一种严重挫折。　　

破坏作物事件增加了　　

据德国植物育种协会（BDP）公布的统计数据，近年来破坏作物事件显着增加。 2009年，激进的反转基因反人士破坏了德国大约一半的试验田。Gross Lüsewitz的试验田在2009年已经被破坏过一次，而肇事者没有被绳之以法。今年，共16块试验田已经被破坏6块。在2005年和2010年间，联邦刑警局共记录了210起与转基因有关的政治动机犯罪行为。克斯廷.施密特的观点的观点认为，关于转基因，各政党之间几乎普遍恐惧的政策可能鼓励犯罪行为。　　

在2010年的一份公开呼吁书中，德国所有进行转基因作物田间试验的机构警告要注意反转基因运动更加激进的行为，并呼吁对破坏作物者要予以系统的刑事检控。他们声称，德国作为研究重地，破坏事件的负面影响已经见效了：试验田的数量已经从2007年的80块下降到现在只有16块。同时，越来越多的研究机构和植物育种公司把他们的研究活动迁到国外进行。　　

几乎所有政党的政治家都谴责了这些袭击事件。德国绿党的农业和自然保护小组的一位女发言人克劳迪亚.舒尔茨说，她能理解破坏者们的动机，因为有没有办法防止在德国的转基因试验田。她补充说：“不过，破坏作物适得其反，于事无补。”　　

(来源：德国转基因安全网)　　

Hungary destroys all GMO maize fields　　

13 Jul 2011　　

In an effort to rid the country of Monsanto's GMO products, Hungary has stepped up the pace. This looks like its going to be another slap in the face for Monsanto. A new regulation was introduced this March which stipulates that seeds are supposed to be checked for GMO before they are introduced to the market. Unfortunately, some GMO seeds made it to the farmers without them knowing it.　　

Almost 1000 acres of maize found to have been grown with genetically modified seeds have been destroyed throughout Hungary, deputy state secretary of the Ministry of Rural Development Lajos Bognar said. The GMO maize has been ploughed under, said Lajos Bognar, but pollen has not spread from the maize, he added.　　

Unlike several EU members, GMO seeds are banned in Hungary. The checks will continue despite the fact that seed traders are obliged to make sure that their products are GMO free, Bognar said.　　

During their investigation, controllers have found Pioneer and Monsanto products among the seeds planted.　　

The free movement of goods within the EU means that authorities will not investigate how the seeds arrived in Hungary but they will check where the goods can be found, Bognar said. Regional public radio reported that the two biggest international seed producing companies are affected in the matter and GMO seeds could have been sown on up to thousands of hectares in the country.　　

Most of the local farmers have complained since they just discovered they were using GMO seeds. With season already under way, it is too late to sow new seeds, so this year’s harvest has been lost.　　

And to make things even worse for the farmers, the company that distributed the seeds in Baranya county is under liquidation. Therefore, if any compensation is paid by the international seed producers, the money will be paid primarily to that company's creditors, rather than the farmers.　　

Hungary further constrains GMO cropping　　

//28 Jul 2011 　　

Hungary's government will penalize planting and distribution of genetically modified (GMO) seeds with fines of up to HUF 2 billion (7.5 million), government spokesman Zoltán Kovács said in a press conference.　　

Kovács said the government will refund any damages caused to farmers by recently discovered GMO seed planting.　　

By July 21, officials had found more than 5,000 hectares of land sown with GMO seeds, mostly maize, and ordered the destruction of the crops, state secretary of the Rural Development Ministry Endre Kardeván said last week.　　

Hungary insists on maintaining its GMO-free status and will take strict measures to keep it that way, Kardeván added.　　

Source: Budapest Business Journal　　

Field trials with GM potatoes and wheat destroyed　　

“Brutal, targeted attack”　　

Jul 12, 2011　　

On the nights of 9 and 11 July 2011, two field trials funded by the German Ministry of Research involving genetically modified plants were destroyed by unknown attackers, who used brutal violence against the guards. The trials in Gross Lüsewitz near Rostock and in Üplingen (Saxony-Anhalt) were being used to develop new risk assessment methods. The vandalism caused damage worth hundreds of thousands of euros. 　　

Several masked attackers overpowered the guards at the trial sites and held them. According to Project Leader Kerstin Schmidt (biovativ GmbH), the attack was targeted and brutal. In one case, the attackers were armed with bats and pepper spray; in another they took the guard’s mobile phone, stabbed his car tyres and blinded him with headlights.　　

Part of the destroyed trials with GM potatoes and wheat belonged to a joint project involving SMEs and universities and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The aim of BioOK, an ‘innovative regional growth pole’, is to make the approval processes for GM plants cheaper, safer and more effective, according to project partner Inge Broer (University of Rostock). The project is developing an integrated testing system for the approval of GM plants to replace many of the different time-consuming analyses involved in the current risk assessment process.　　

The destroyed potatoes produce a raw material for plastic manufacture called cyanophycin. This could replace oil as a raw material in plastic production. The genetically modified wheat was developed by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich and is resistant to certain fungal diseases.　　

According to Broer, only large international agricultural corporations can currently afford the approval process for GM crops, which lasts up to ten years and costs over EUR 10 million. The new risk assessment methods would make it possible to reduce approval costs to a level that even small and medium-sized European plant breeders could afford. “The current dominant position of large corporations on the market for GM crops is one of the key criticisms made by genetic engineering opponents. So it makes no sense at all that the trials destroyed at both sites were the ones from the growth pole project.” The destruction is a severe setback to the improvement of the approval process.　　

Crop destruction incidents increasing　　

According to statistics published by the German Plant Breeders’ Association (BDP), there has been a significant increase in crop destructions in recent years. In 2009, around half of all field trials in Germany were destroyed by radical genetic engineering opponents. The trial field in Gross Lüsewitz had already been destroyed once in 2009 without the perpetrators being brought to justice. This year, six out of a total of 16 field trials have already been destroyed. The Federal Criminal Police Office registered a total of 210 politically motivated criminal acts between 2005 and 2010 in conjunction with genetic engineering. Kerstin Schmidt expressed the opinion that an almost universal policy of fear with regard to genetic engineering across all political parties could encourage criminal acts.　　

In a public appeal in 2010, all the German institutions conducting field trials with GM plants warned against a further radicalisation of the anti-genetic engineering movement and called for systematic criminal prosecution of crop destroyers. The negative impacts of the destructions for Germany as a research location were, they claimed, already visible: the number of field trials has fallen from 80 in 2007 to just 16. At the same time, research institutes and plant breeders are increasingly moving their research activities abroad.　　

Politicians from almost all political parties condemned the attacks. Claudia Schulz, the spokeswoman for the agriculture and nature conservation group within the German Green Party, said she could understand the crop destroyers’ motivation because there was no way of preventing genetic engineering trials in Germany. “However,” she added, “crop destructions are counter-productive and never help”.　　

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