印度农民苏芒特·库马尔的实践有力地说明，未来农业的出路在于生态化，即保持作物生长发育良好的环境条件，告别有害化学物质入侵，培育地力，增加土壤有机质含量，并恢复土壤生物多样性，在种植方式上尽大可能地利用水热光资源，获得最高的总光合产量。印度农民成功了，他们没有所谓转基因高级技术，而是借助于传统的无环境公害的生态种植技术。该成功实验也向中国的广大育种专家传递了这样一个重要信息，就是要培育自己能够留种的作物品种，从而在种子源头摆脱受人控制局面，而对于土地的呵护，农民们知道怎么做的，在养地方面农民会首选农家肥。用地养地，将粮食增产的潜力蕴藏在耕地里，其前景的是光明的，它可科学解决产量提高与质量下降的矛盾问题。笔者领导的课题小组，在2亩实验田里，告别化肥、农药、农膜、除草剂，完全不用转基因技术，实验6年来，小麦玉米近3年来周年产量已达到15.02吨/公顷了。我们将继续努力，争取达到20吨/公顷。从理论上看，这个产量提升空间还是很大的。
英国卫报：印度的水稻革命（附评论）龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com
India's rice revolution
印度的水稻革命
In a village in India's poorest state, Bihar, farmers are growing world record amounts of rice – with no GM, and no herbicide. Is this one solution to world food shortages?
在印度最贫困的比哈尔邦的一个村庄里，稻农们在不使用除草剂不使用转基因技术的前提下创造了水稻单产世界新纪录。这会是解决世界粮食短缺问题的新途径么?
John Vidal in Bihar, India
The Observer, Saturday 16 February 2013 21.00 GMT
原文链接：http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2013/feb/16/india-rice-farmers-revolution
Sumant Kumar was overjoyed when he harvested his rice last year. There had been good rains in his village of Darveshpura in north-east India and he knew he could improve on the four or five tonnes per hectare that he usually managed. But every stalk he cut on his paddy field near the bank of the Sakri river seemed to weigh heavier than usual, every grain of rice was bigger and when his crop was weighed on the old village scales, even Kumar was shocked.
稻农苏芒特·库马尔去年喜获丰收。在过去的一年里他的家乡，印度东北部村庄达维施普拉风调雨顺，因此他估计每公顷稻田可比常年多收获4-5吨稻谷。但在收割时库马尔发觉种植在萨克里河岸附近稻田中的每一株稻穗每一粒稻谷都显得格外饱满，而当他把收割来的稻谷运回村内过磅时，就连库马尔自己都震惊了。
This was not six or even 10 or 20 tonnes. Kumar, a shy young farmer in Nalanda district of India's poorest state Bihar, had – using only farmyard manure and without any herbicides – grown an astonishing 22.4 tonnes of rice on one hectare of land. This was a world record and with rice the staple food of more than half the world's population of seven billion, big news.
地磅显示的数字不是6吨不是10吨也不是20吨。库马尔，这个来自印度最贫困省份比哈尔邦那烂陀地区的羞涩小伙儿，在不用任何除草剂只使用农家肥的前提下，创造了稻谷每公顷单产22.4吨的惊人记录。这一数据打破了世界纪录，要知道全世界70亿人口中有超过一半以大米为主食，这绝对是个大新闻。
It beat not just the 19.4 tonnes achieved by the "father of rice", the Chinese agricultural scientist Yuan Longping, but the World Bank-funded scientists at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines, and anything achieved by the biggest European and American seed and GM companies. And it was not just Sumant Kumar. Krishna, Nitish, Sanjay and Bijay, his friends and rivals in Darveshpura, all recorded over 17 tonnes, and many others in the villages around claimed to have more than doubled their usual yields.
库马尔不仅打破了由“杂交水稻之父”中国农业科学家袁隆平所创造的单产19.4吨的前世界纪录，还横扫了由世界银行资助的国际水稻研究所科学家们在菲律宾的试验成果，就连那些欧美转基因制种巨头的高科技产品也得甘拜下风。而且，除了苏芒特·库马尔，尼提什，桑贾伊以及拜贾伊等达维施普拉其他村民种植的稻田每公顷单产均超过了17吨，周边村庄也表示去年收成比往年翻了一番多。
The villagers, at the mercy of erratic weather and used to going without food in bad years, celebrated. But the Bihar state agricultural universities didn't believe them at first, while India's leading rice scientists muttered about freak results. The Nalanda farmers were accused of cheating. Only when the state's head of agriculture, a rice farmer himself, came to the village with his own men and personally verified Sumant's crop, was the record confirmed.
达维施普拉的村民们世代靠天吃饭，如果遇到灾年就只能祈祷自己不被饿死了。因而比哈尔农业大学的学者们起初并不相信这个消息，印度的水稻专家们常常被各地放卫星般的消息弄得焦头烂额。这些那烂陀稻农被怀疑在欺骗公众。直到同为稻农出身的当地农业厅长亲自带队前往达维施普拉村考察苏芒特的收成，这项新记录才最终得到证实。
The rhythm of Nalanda village life was shattered. Here bullocks still pull ploughs as they have always done, their dung is still dried on the walls of houses and used to cook food. Electricity has still not reached most people. Sumant became a local hero, mentioned in the Indian parliament and asked to attend conferences. The state's chief minister came to Darveshpura to congratulate him, and the village was rewarded with electric power, a bank and a new concrete bridge.
那烂陀乡村生活的节奏是令人身心俱疲的。牛耕依然在这里占据主导地位，牛粪被拿来糊墙，还能用来生火做饭。大多数村庄尚未通电。苏芒特成了当地英雄，甚至被提名加入印度国会。比哈尔邦长官前往达维施普拉向其表示祝贺，村里也因此通电了，此外还还建了一家银行与一座混凝土桥。
That might have been the end of the story had Sumant's friend Nitish not smashed the world record for growing potatoes six months later. Shortly after Ravindra Kumar, a small farmer from a nearby Bihari village, broke the Indian record for growing wheat. Darveshpura became known as India's "miracle village", Nalanda became famous and teams of scientists, development groups, farmers, civil servants and politicians all descended to discover its secret.
这本该是故事的结尾了，但六个月后苏芒特的朋友尼提什又打破了马铃薯单产的世界纪录。而在此前不久，邻村的一个小农场主莱文德拉·库马尔也打破了印度小麦单产纪录。达维施普拉成为了印度的“奇迹村”，那烂陀也因此家喻户晓，科学家、开发商、农户、公务员以及政客纷纷组团前来一探究竟。
When I meet the young farmers, all in their early 30s, they still seem slightly dazed by their fame. They've become unlikely heroes in a state where nearly half the families live below the Indian poverty line and 93% of the 100 million population depend on growing rice and potatoes. Nitish Kumar speaks quietly of his success and says he is determined to improve on the record. "In previous years, farming has not been very profitable," he says. "Now I realise that it can be. My whole life has changed. I can send my children to school and spend more on health. My income has increased a lot."
当我见到这些三十岁出头村民时，他们似乎还对自己的知名度有些不适应。他们不可思议地成为了国家的英雄，而村里有近一半的家庭仍挣扎在印度国家贫困线以下，该邦1亿人口中有93%水稻与土豆种植为生。尼提什·库马尔低调地看待自己所取得的成就，并表示他将努力继续改写纪录。“前几年，务农是个不赚钱的行业，”尼提什说。“现在我意识到它的前景其实相当不错，我的人生也因此而改变。现在我孩子上学的钱终于有着落了，我也有钱去看病了，因为我有钱了。”
What happened in Darveshpura has divided scientists and is exciting governments and development experts. Tests on the soil show it is particularly rich in silicon but the reason for the "super yields" is entirely down to a method of growing crops called System of Root Intensification (SRI). It has dramatically increased yields with wheat, potatoes, sugar cane, yams, tomatoes, garlic, aubergine and many other crops and is being hailed as one of the most significant developments of the past 50 years for the world's 500 million small-scale farmers and the two billion people who depend on them.
达维施普拉奇迹令科学界陷入争执，却给政府与开发商打了一针鸡血。检测表明当地土壤中富含硅元素，但“超级丰收”的真正原因应归功于一种耕作方法：作物根系强化法(SRI)。这种方法能够显著提高小麦，马铃薯，甘蔗，山药，番茄，打算，茄子以及其他许多作物的产量，而且被誉为过去50年间最伟大的科技进步之一，全世界约有5亿家小规模农户超过20亿人受益其中。
Instead of planting three-week-old rice seedlings in clumps of three or four in waterlogged fields, as rice farmers around the world traditionally do, the Darveshpura farmers carefully nurture only half as many seeds, and then transplant the young plants into fields, one by one, when much younger. Additionally, they space them at 25cm intervals in a grid pattern, keep the soil much drier and carefully weed around the plants to allow air to their roots. The premise that "less is more" was taught by Rajiv Kumar, a young Bihar state government extension worker who had been trained in turn by Anil Verma of Professional Assistance for Development Action, an Indian NGO which has introduced the SRI method to hundreds of villages in the past three years.
不像世界上其他稻农的传统做法那样将3周龄的稻秧三四棵一簇插在水田中，达维施普拉稻农们精心培育每一棵稻秧，并在稻秧萌发后不久便一棵棵地移植到旱田中，这样便将用种量减少了一半。此外，稻秧在旱田中呈网格状排布，每棵稻秧间间隔均为25厘米，保持土壤干燥，仔细剔除周边杂草以保证根部呼吸顺畅。这种事半功倍的方法是一位年轻的比哈尔邦政府农村推广员拉吉夫·库马尔教给当地农户的，拉吉夫曾参加过印度非政府组织阿尼尔·沃玛专业援助发展行动所举办的轮训活动，该组织在过去的三年间将SRI成功推广到了上百个村庄中。
While the "green revolution" that averted Indian famine in the 1970s relied on improved crop varieties, expensive pesticides and chemical fertilisers, SRI appears to offer a long-term, sustainable future for no extra cost. With more than one in seven of the global population going hungry and demand for rice expected to outstrip supply within 20 years, it appears to offer real hope. Even a 30% increase in the yields of the world's small farmers would go a long way to alleviating poverty.
上世纪七十年代的“绿色革命”通过改良作物品种，使用昂贵的杀虫剂以及化肥使得印度暂时远离饥荒之苦，而SRI似乎为印度提供了一个无附加成本的长期可持续发展未来。有预计称未来20年内世界大米产量将无法满足人类需求，届时全球将有超过七分之一的人口面临粮食危机，而SRI或许正是解决这个问题的有效途径。即便只是将单产提高30%，全世界的众多小农户也会因此摆脱贫困威胁。
"Farmers use less seeds, less water and less chemicals but they get more without having to invest more. This is revolutionary," said Dr Surendra Chaurassa from Bihar's agriculture ministry. "I did not believe it to start with, but now I think it can potentially change the way everyone farms. I would want every state to promote it. If we get 30-40% increase in yields, that is more than enough to recommend it."
“农户使用的种子少了，水少了，需要购买的化学品也少了，但投入降低的同时收成却上来了。这是革命性的进步，”比哈尔邦农业厅的苏伦德拉·朝拉萨博士说道。“我起初并不相信SRI，但现在我认为这种方法能够提高每一个农户的收入。我希望这种方法能够在全国范围内推广。如果一种方法能够将单产提高30-40%，那么它就绝对值得推广。”
The results in Bihar have exceeded Chaurassa's hopes. Sudama Mahto, an agriculture officer in Nalanda, says a small investment in training a few hundred people to teach SRI methods has resulted in a 45% increase in the region's yields. Veerapandi Arumugam, the former agriculture minister of Tamil Nadu state, hailed the system as "revolutionising" farming.
而SRI在比哈尔邦的收效甚至超过了朝拉萨的预期。那烂陀农业官员苏达玛·马托表示只要地方政府花点儿钱办一个几百人的SRI培训班，该地区的粮食产量就可提高45%。泰米尔纳德邦前农业厅长维拉潘迪·阿鲁姆甘则认为这种耕作方法“彻底改变”了农业的面貌。
SRI's origins go back to the 1980s in Madagascar where Henri de Laulanie, a French Jesuit priest and agronomist, observed how villagers grew rice in the uplands. He developed the method but it was an American, professor Norman Uphoff, director of the International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development at Cornell University, who was largely responsible for spreading the word about De Laulanie's work.
上世纪八十年代法国耶稣会士兼农学家亨利·德·劳拉捏受马达加斯加农民在高地种植水稻的启发创造了SRI。方法是他发明的，但SRI的宣传推广工作则是由康奈尔大学食品、农业与发展国际研究所主任美国人诺曼·乌普霍夫教授完成的。
Given 15m dollars by an anonymous billionaire to research sustainable development, Uphoff went to Madagascar in 1983 and saw the success of SRI for himself: farmers whose previous yields averaged two tonnes per hectare were harvesting eight tonnes. In 1997 he started to actively promote SRI in Asia, where more than 600 million people are malnourished.
怀揣着一位匿名富豪捐献给可持续发展研究的1500万美元经费，乌普霍夫于1983年来到马达加斯加亲自检验SRI的可行性，结果大获成功：使用SRI，农户每公顷单产可由原先的2吨飙升到8吨。1997年他开始在营养不良人群规模超过6亿的亚洲积极推广SRI。
"It is a set of ideas, the absolute opposite to the first green revolution [of the 60s] which said that you had to change the genes and the soil nutrients to improve yields. That came at a tremendous ecological cost," says Uphoff. "Agriculture in the 21st century must be practised differently. Land and water resources are becoming scarcer, of poorer quality, or less reliable. Climatic conditions are in many places more adverse. SRI offers millions of disadvantaged households far better opportunities. Nobody is benefiting from this except the farmers; there are no patents, royalties or licensing fees."
“SRI是一个系统性的方法，这与六十年代旨在通过改变作物基因与土壤养分提高产量的第一次绿色革命恰好相反。人们已为第一次绿色革命投入了巨大的生态成本，”乌普霍夫说道。“21世纪的农业必须另辟蹊径。土地与水资源日益匮乏，品质也在逐年下降。全球气候变化也使得许多地方不再适用于原先的耕作模式。但SRI为数以百万计的贫困家庭带来了福音。由于没有专利保护，版税以及使用许可费，农户不必付出任何额外代价，只会从中获益。”
For 40 years now, says Uphoff, science has been obsessed with improving seeds and using artificial fertilisers: "It's been genes, genes, genes. There has never been talk of managing crops. Corporations say 'we will breed you a better plant' and breeders work hard to get 5-10% increase in yields. We have tried to make agriculture an industrial enterprise and have forgotten its biological roots."
乌普霍夫认为近四十年来科学界一直痴迷于改良种子品质与使用人造化肥：“总是基因、基因、基因。就从没考虑过是否应该改变作物的耕作模式。种子公司总是在宣传良种的重要性，而育种工们费了九牛二虎之力也仅仅将单产提高了5-10%而已。我们总是试图将农业工业化，而忘记了农作物本质上其实是生物。”
Not everyone agrees. Some scientists complain there is not enough peer-reviewed evidence around SRI and that it is impossible to get such returns. "SRI is a set of management practices and nothing else, many of which have been known for a long time and are best recommended practice," says Achim Dobermann, deputy director for research at the International Rice Research Institute. "Scientifically speaking I don't believe there is any miracle. When people independently have evaluated SRI principles then the result has usually been quite different from what has been reported on farm evaluations conducted by NGOs and others who are promoting it. Most scientists have had difficulty replicating the observations."
也并非每个人都认同SRI。有些科学家认为SRI的同行评审证据不足，甚至直接宣称耕作方法的改变不可能获得如此高的回报率。“SRI仅仅是一系列耕作管理措施而已，其中有些部分经长期实践证明是耕作时的最佳选择，”国际水稻研究所科研副主任阿希姆·杜伯曼表示。“科学地讲我不相信奇迹。SRI使用效果的随机性极强，各个SRI使用个例(如支持SRI的非官方组织)所进行的大田试验结果间往往大相径庭。而且试验的重复性极差，基本上属于无法重复。”
Dominic Glover, a British researcher working with Wageningen University in the Netherlands, has spent years analysing the introduction of GM crops in developing countries. He is now following how SRI is being adopted in India and believes there has been a "turf war".
目前任职于荷兰瓦赫宁根大学的英国研究员多米尼克·格罗夫多年来长期关注发展中国家的转基因作物引入情况。他表示SRI在印度的推广会导致一场“地盘争夺战”。
"There are experts in their fields defending their knowledge," he says. "But in many areas, growers have tried SRI methods and abandoned them. People are unwilling to investigate this. SRI is good for small farmers who rely on their own families for labour, but not necessarily for larger operations. Rather than any magical theory, it is good husbandry, skill and attention which results in the super yields. Clearly in certain circumstances, it is an efficient resource for farmers. But it is labour intensive and nobody has come up with the technology to transplant single seedlings yet."
“学者有捍卫自己学说的权力，”他说道。“在许多地区，农民尝试过SRI但随即不再使用。人们总是选择性的无视对自己不利的事物。SRI对于自食其力的小农户而言很有帮助，但对于大企业而言就没什么用处了。它并不是什么魔法，只是告诉我们良好的耕作方法，熟练的技术以及专注耐心会带来好收成。显然在某些情况下，SRI对于农户而言行之有效。然而它只适用于劳动密集型农业，目前还没有什么能够应用于单苗移植的农机。”
But some larger farmers in Bihar say it is not labour intensive and can actually reduce time spent in fields. "When a farmer does SRI the first time, yes it is more labour intensive," says Santosh Kumar, who grows 15 hectares of rice and vegetables in Nalanda. "Then it gets easier and new innovations are taking place now."
但比哈尔邦一些较大规模的农户表示SRI并非劳动密集型农业，事实上它还可以有效降低劳作时间。“对于第一次采用SRI的农户而言它的确是劳动密集型的，”在那烂陀拥有15公顷稻田与菜园的桑托什·库马尔说道。“但熟能生巧，而且方法还在不断改良创新中。”
In its early days, SRI was dismissed or vilified by donors and scientists but in the past few years it has gained credibility. Uphoff estimates there are now 4-5 million farmers using SRI worldwide, with governments in China, India, Indonesia, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Vietnam promoting it.
在SRI刚被开发出的那段岁月里，这种方法饱受赞助商与科学家的无视与诋毁，但近年来，SRI已经为自己赢得了一定的可信度。乌普霍夫估计全世界使用SRI的农民约有400-500万，而中国、印度、印尼、柬埔寨、斯里兰卡与越南政府也正在大力推广这种方法。
Sumant, Nitish and as many as 100,000 other SRI farmers in Bihar are now preparing their next rice crop. It's back-breaking work transplanting the young rice shoots from the nursery beds to the paddy fields but buoyed by recognition and results, their confidence and optimism in the future is sky high.
苏芒特，尼提什以及巴哈尔邦其他10万名SRI使用者已经开始为下一季水稻而忙碌了。将幼苗从苗圃床移植到稻田是一个艰巨的工作，但相较于收获这一切都是值得的，他们对于未来的生活充满信心。
Last month Nobel prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz visited Nalanda district and recognised the potential of this kind of organic farming, telling the villagers they were "better than scientists". "It was amazing to see their success in organic farming," said Stiglitz, who called for more research. "Agriculture scientists from across the world should visit and learn and be inspired by them."
上个月诺贝尔经济学奖得主约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨参观了那烂陀地区并认可了这种有机农业的发展潜力，他将这些村民称为“比科学家还了不起的人”并呼吁他们再接再厉。“我很欣喜的看到他们在有机农业上所取得的巨大成就，”斯蒂格利茨说，“世界各地的农业科学家都应该来这里参观学习，他们一定会深受启发。”
Bihar, from being India's poorest state, is now at the centre of what is being called a "new green grassroots revolution" with farming villages, research groups and NGOs all beginning to experiment with different crops using SRI. The state will invest 50m dollars in SRI next year but western governments and foundations are holding back, preferring to invest in hi-tech research. The agronomist Anil Verma does not understand why: "The farmers know SRI works, but help is needed to train them. We know it works differently in different soils but the principles are solid. The biggest problem we have is that people want to do it but we do not have enough trainers."
比哈尔邦，从印度最贫困的省份一跃成为由积极倡导在各种农作物种植中使用SRI的村民，研究团队以及非政府组织发起的“新绿色草根革命”的圣地。当地政府计划在明年斥资5000万美元鼓励SRI研究，但西方政府与基金会对此兴趣不大，他们更倾向为高新技术投资。农学家阿尼尔·沃玛对此表示不解：“农民知道SRI有用，但眼下最迫切的是教会他们如何使用这种方法。我们清楚在不同的土壤中SRI效果也有所不同，但原理是不变的。因此我们最大的问题是人们想要应用SRI，但缺乏传播方法的教员。”
"If any scientist or a company came up with a technology that almost guaranteed a 50% increase in yields at no extra cost they would get a Nobel prize. But when young Biharian farmers do that they get nothing. I only want to see the poor farmers have enough to eat."
“如果有哪个科学家或是公司能够开发出一种技术，在不添加额外成本的基础上将作物单产量提高50%，他一定会得诺贝尔奖。但这如果是一个年轻的比哈尔邦农民做到的他却什么也得不到。我只有希望这些贫穷的农民们能填饱肚子了。”
评论
Tasselhoff
16 February 2013 9:32pm
Recommend 240
I hope this gets as widely publicised to counteract the multinational attempts to control food supply.
我希望媒体能够大力宣传此事，好好打击一下某些跨国公司掌控世界粮食供应的念想。
Heretica
16 February 2013 11:26pm
Recommend 68
Bet the (usual suspect) agricorps try to sabotage, whether via contamination or bought/brainwashed politicians.
这些粮食巨头没干过什么好事，从污染环境到收买政客无恶不作。
antipodean1
17 February 2013 9:20pm
Recommend 2
Yes its a great story, and the essence of it has been widely known for years. However theres no money in it for big business, it cant be patented and it shows up the vast majority of agricultural education and research to have been wrongly directed for many years.
Thats a tough message to get out..
这的确是个振奋人心的消息，SRI的原理早已被公众所熟知。然而你没有资本就无力组建大企业与世界商品粮巨头们抗衡，专利迟迟审批不下来也说明我们的农业教育与研究的大方向早就出问题了。
因此这对于农业科学界而言其实是个相当尴尬的消息。
Fwoggie
16 February 2013 9:33pm
Recommend 130
Good luck to them all, I hope they make enough money to access healthcare as well as to send their children all the way through school.
祝他们好运，希望SRI能让他们赚到用来看病的钱以及用来教育下一代的钱。
shundarnagin
16 February 2013 9:35pm
Recommend 139
Thank you for this article.
A very important point in my view regardless whether you farm organically or not. I really hope SRI is a a success. You often hear very negative views regarding Bihar so postive news is excellent.
感谢这篇文章的。
发展有机农业与推广SRI其实完全是两回事。我真心希望SRI能够成功推广到世界各地。当你耳边充斥着各种负面新闻时，比哈尔邦传来的喜讯犹如一声春雷啊。
Jellybaby1
16 February 2013 9:36pm
Recommend 12
Too early to say.
Let India feed its starving population first and then see whether this could be a solution.
现在就盖棺定论为时尚早吧。
还是先看看这个SRI能不能先把印度世界第一饥饿大国的帽子摘掉吧。
Otto Indiana Taylor-Rickard
16 February 2013 9:39pm
Recommend 84
Is this.. good global news? I feel something strange inside of me
这难道是个好消息?忽然感到心里有些不爽啊。
salaampeace
16 February 2013 9:39pm
Recommend 125
1] A good news story.
2] Western governments should stop tying to sell unecessary technology to poorer governments.
1]是个好消息。
2]西方政府应该立即停止向贫穷落后国家推销鸡肋技术的无耻行为。
Kepler
16 February 2013 9:51pm
Recommend 121
Last week we had Robin McKie writing a free advertisement for GM technology.
This week it turns out that GM is unnecessary, and that the world's farmers get better results by co-operating with nature, rather than trying to subjugate it.
One is struck by this comment "In its early days, SRI was dismissed or vilified by scientists."
One waits - no doubt in vain - for the GM apologists to own up that they are just stooges for Monsanto and the like.
Great article, thanks.
上周我们给罗宾·麦基的转基因技术公司做了一则免费广告。
而本周我意识到转基因其实并不像宣传的那么重要，去世界的农民应当去学着与大自然更好的合作，而不是试图征服它。
文中有一句话深深地震撼了我：“在SRI刚被开发出的那段岁月里，这种方法饱受赞助商与科学家的无视与诋毁。”
想要让转基因论者们承认SRI的可行性?还是洗洗睡了吧，他们就是一群孟山都的傀儡而已。
很棒的文章，谢谢!
theoriginaljones
16 February 2013 9:57pm
Recommend 11
This is in spite of climate change? Or because of it?
SRI的效果受不受气候变化的影响呢?
amrit
16 February 2013 10:24pm
Recommend 9
Two points:
If they only want to plant one shoot then why not plant one seed directly into ground using some kind of machine that drop only one grain of rice. If there are more than one plant then up root them keeping only one.
Recently state of panjab has come up with some kind of agreement with company Monsanto. Many people are upset about it. People in panjab knows about the background of this company however it has been promoted by a young politician who studied in usa.
我就提两点：
如果他们想要一棵一棵的种稻秧，那何不发明一种机器代替人工作业直接把稻种撒到地里去呢?如果不小心种多了，拔掉多余的不就成了?
最近旁遮普地区与孟山都公司签订了几项合作协议。许多人对此深表担忧。旁遮普人也了解这家公司的背景，奈何这个地区的领导人是一个从美国留学回来的菜鸟政客呢。
http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-142446-1-1.html
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