关于改革开放和毛泽东时代发展速度比较
博客：http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/huangwd99.htm
《我国国民经济统计资料录编（1949-1981）》，文革前其他数据来源于新中国五十年统计资料汇编（1949-1999），文革后数据来源于国家统计局（http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/）。增长率1代表以1955年为基准毛泽东时代的年均增长率，以1979年为基准的改革开放时代的年均增长率，增长率2代表以1950年为基准解放后每年的年均增长率。
从表可以看出，主要工业产品均是毛泽东时代明显大于改革开放时代，发电量增长率在毛泽东时代>14%，改革开放以后<9%，钢产量增长率在毛泽东时代>10%，改革开放以后，大部分时间仅6%左右，近几年大搞城市建设和房地产，增长较快，达到10%，硫酸产量增长率在毛泽东时代>13%，改革开放以后<8％。粮食产量在改革开放初还与之前相当，近几年明显比毛泽东时代低。然而，两个时代更重要的区别是，毛泽东时代创造的财富都归中国人民，现在中国人民生产的财富还有多少归中国人民。
一些人因为毛泽东时代还是商品短缺时代，就否定毛泽东时代的成绩。然而，毛泽东时代开始时，我们是一穷二白，老百姓生活条件很差，到改革开放前，有了极大改善。我们比较不同时代，只能通过增长率进行比较，不能比较生活水平。如果改革开放以后，生活水平下降，那等于经济不发展，还倒退。这种情况通常只会发生在战争时期。毛泽东时代还发生过浮夸风，虽然毛泽东主席需要负领导责任，但直接责任人是刘少奇，否则经济发展还会更好。有关刘少奇责任可参考：
[InstallDir_ChannelDir]Class14/200604/5697.html
[InstallDir_ChannelDir]Class14/200807/45862.html
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发电量 |
|
|
钢 |
|
|
年度 |
产量 亿kwh |
增长率1 |
增长率2 |
产量 万吨 |
增长率1 |
增长率2 |
|
1950 |
45.70 |
|
|
59.58 |
|
|
|
1951 |
59.21 |
|
29.56% |
85.96 |
|
44.28% |
|
1952 |
72.23 |
|
25.72% |
128.49 |
|
46.85% |
|
1953 |
85.35 |
|
23.15% |
165.46 |
|
40.56% |
|
1954 |
106.51 |
|
23.56% |
207.10 |
|
36.54% |
|
1955 |
121.00 |
|
21.50% |
257.70 |
|
34.03% |
|
1956 |
155.46 |
28.48% |
22.64% |
411.40 |
59.64% |
37.99% |
|
1957 |
184.33 |
23.43% |
22.05% |
499.00 |
39.15% |
35.47% |
|
1958 |
261.93 |
29.36% |
24.39% |
800.00 |
45.88% |
38.36% |
|
1959 |
397.43 |
34.62% |
27.17% |
1246.00 |
48.29% |
40.19% |
|
1960 |
554.17 |
35.57% |
28.34% |
1672.00 |
45.35% |
39.58% |
|
1961 |
434.40 |
23.74% |
22.72% |
831.00 |
21.55% |
27.07% |
|
1962 |
444.82 |
20.44% |
20.88% |
633.00 |
13.70% |
21.77% |
|
1963 |
452.36 |
17.92% |
19.28% |
725.00 |
13.80% |
21.19% |
|
1964 |
515.95 |
17.48% |
18.90% |
917.00 |
15.15% |
21.56% |
|
1965 |
659.41 |
18.48% |
19.48% |
1176.00 |
16.39% |
22.00% |
|
1966 |
758.51 |
18.16% |
19.19% |
1461.00 |
17.09% |
22.14% |
|
1967 |
711.00 |
15.90% |
17.52% |
973.00 |
11.71% |
17.86% |
|
1968 |
664.00 |
13.99% |
16.03% |
891.40 |
10.02% |
16.22% |
|
1969 |
870.00 |
15.13% |
16.77% |
1288.30 |
12.18% |
17.56% |
|
1970 |
1130.00 |
16.06% |
17.40% |
1753.10 |
13.64% |
18.42% |
|
1971 |
1264.00 |
15.79% |
17.13% |
2016.00 |
13.72% |
18.26% |
|
1972 |
1402.00 |
15.50% |
16.84% |
2230.00 |
13.53% |
17.90% |
|
1973 |
1524.00 |
15.11% |
16.47% |
2386.70 |
13.16% |
17.40% |
|
1974 |
1550.00 |
14.36% |
15.82% |
2003.00 |
11.40% |
15.77% |
|
1975 |
1931.00 |
14.85% |
16.15% |
2345.00 |
11.67% |
15.82% |
|
1976 |
1924.00 |
14.08% |
15.47% |
1937.00 |
10.08% |
14.33% |
|
1977 |
2111.00 |
13.88% |
15.25% |
2211.00 |
10.26% |
14.32% |
|
1978 |
2547.00 |
14.16% |
15.44% |
3112.00 |
11.44% |
15.17% |
|
1979 |
2819.00 |
|
15.27% |
3448.00 |
|
15.02% |
|
1980 |
3006.00 |
6.63% |
14.97% |
3712.00 |
7.66% |
14.77% |
|
1981 |
3093.00 |
4.75% |
14.56% |
3560.00 |
1.61% |
14.10% |
|
1982 |
3277.00 |
5.15% |
14.28% |
3716.00 |
2.53% |
13.79% |
|
1983 |
3514.00 |
5.66% |
14.06% |
4002.00 |
3.80% |
13.60% |
|
1984 |
3746.00 |
5.85% |
13.84% |
4337.00 |
4.69% |
13.44% |
|
1985 |
4073.00 |
6.33% |
13.69% |
4666.00 |
5.17% |
13.27% |
|
1986 |
4455.00 |
6.76% |
13.57% |
5205.00 |
6.06% |
13.22% |
|
1987 |
4960.00 |
7.32% |
13.51% |
5602.00 |
6.25% |
13.07% |
|
1988 |
5430.00 |
7.56% |
13.40% |
5918.00 |
6.19% |
12.86% |
|
1989 |
5820.00 |
7.52% |
13.23% |
6124.00 |
5.91% |
12.61% |
|
1990 |
6180.00 |
7.40% |
13.05% |
6604.00 |
6.09% |
12.49% |
|
1991 |
6750.00 |
7.55% |
12.96% |
7057.00 |
6.15% |
12.35% |
|
1992 |
7470.00 |
7.78% |
12.90% |
8000.00 |
6.69% |
12.37% |
|
1993 |
8200.00 |
7.93% |
12.83% |
8868.00 |
6.98% |
12.34% |
|
1994 |
9200.00 |
8.20% |
12.81% |
9153.00 |
6.73% |
12.12% |
|
1995 |
10000.00 |
8.24% |
12.72% |
9400.00 |
6.47% |
11.90% |
|
1996 |
10750.00 |
8.19% |
12.60% |
10110.00 |
6.53% |
11.81% |
|
1997 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 |
16540 |
8.00% |
12.00% |
18155 |
9.48% |
11.63% |
|
2003 |
19107 |
8.30% |
12.06% |
22234 |
9.73% |
11.82% |
|
2004 |
21870 |
8.54% |
12.11% |
27279 |
9.98% |
12.01% |
|
2005 |
24747 |
8.71% |
12.12% |
35239 |
10.34% |
12.30% |
|
2006 |
28344 |
8.92% |
12.17% |
42266 |
10.52% |
12.44% |
|
2007 |
32777 |
9.16% |
12.23% |
48966 |
10.62% |
12.50% |
|
|
|
硫酸 |
|
粮食 |
|
|
|
年度 |
产量万吨 |
增长率1 |
增长率2 |
产量万吨 |
增长率1 |
增长率2 |
|
1950 |
6.90 |
|
|
13215 |
|
|
|
1951 |
14.90 |
|
115.94% |
14370 |
|
8.74% |
|
1952 |
19.00 |
|
65.94% |
16390 |
|
11.37% |
|
1953 |
26.00 |
|
55.61% |
16685 |
|
8.08% |
|
1954 |
34.40 |
|
49.43% |
16950 |
|
6.42% |
|
1955 |
37.50 |
|
40.29% |
18395 |
|
6.84% |
|
1956 |
51.70 |
37.87% |
39.89% |
19275 |
4.78% |
6.49% |
|
1957 |
63.20 |
29.82% |
37.22% |
19505 |
2.97% |
5.72% |
|
1958 |
74.40 |
25.66% |
34.61% |
20000 |
2.83% |
5.32% |
|
1959 |
106.10 |
29.69% |
35.48% |
17000 |
-1.95% |
2.84% |
|
1960 |
133.00 |
28.81% |
34.43% |
14350 |
-4.85% |
0.83% |
|
1961 |
90.40 |
15.79% |
26.35% |
14750 |
-3.61% |
1.00% |
|
1962 |
96.80 |
14.51% |
24.62% |
16000 |
-1.97% |
1.61% |
|
1963 |
130.60 |
16.88% |
25.38% |
17000 |
-0.98% |
1.96% |
|
1964 |
170.40 |
18.32% |
25.74% |
19250 |
0.51% |
2.72% |
|
1965 |
234.00 |
20.09% |
26.48% |
19450 |
0.56% |
2.61% |
|
1966 |
290.90 |
20.47% |
26.34% |
21400 |
1.39% |
3.06% |
|
1967 |
198.30 |
14.89% |
21.84% |
21780 |
1.42% |
2.98% |
|
1968 |
141.50 |
10.76% |
18.27% |
20905 |
0.99% |
2.58% |
|
1969 |
234.30 |
13.98% |
20.39% |
21095 |
0.98% |
2.49% |
|
1970 |
291.40 |
14.65% |
20.58% |
23995 |
1.79% |
3.03% |
|
1971 |
357.98 |
15.14% |
20.69% |
25015 |
1.94% |
3.09% |
|
1972 |
400.50 |
14.95% |
20.27% |
24050 |
1.59% |
2.76% |
|
1973 |
468.10 |
15.06% |
20.12% |
26495 |
2.05% |
3.07% |
|
1974 |
442.70 |
13.87% |
18.93% |
27525 |
2.14% |
3.10% |
|
1975 |
484.70 |
13.65% |
18.54% |
28450 |
2.20% |
3.11% |
|
1976 |
450.80 |
12.57% |
17.44% |
28630 |
2.13% |
3.02% |
|
1977 |
537.50 |
12.87% |
17.51% |
28275 |
1.97% |
2.86% |
|
1978 |
661.00 |
13.29% |
17.70% |
30475 |
2.22% |
3.03% |
|
1979 |
700.00 |
|
17.27% |
33211 |
|
3.23% |
|
1980 |
764.00 |
9.14% |
16.99% |
31822.00 |
-4.18% |
2.97% |
|
1981 |
781.00 |
5.63% |
16.48% |
32502 |
-1.07% |
2.95% |
|
1982 |
817.00 |
5.29% |
16.09% |
35343 |
2.10% |
3.12% |
|
1983 |
870.00 |
5.59% |
15.79% |
38728 |
3.92% |
3.31% |
|
1984 |
813.00 |
3.04% |
15.06% |
40712 |
4.16% |
3.36% |
|
1985 |
669.00 |
-0.75% |
13.96% |
37898 |
2.22% |
3.06% |
|
1986 |
751.00 |
1.01% |
13.91% |
39109 |
2.36% |
3.06% |
|
1987 |
962.00 |
4.05% |
14.28% |
40241 |
2.43% |
3.06% |
|
1988 |
1098.00 |
5.13% |
14.27% |
39401 |
1.92% |
2.92% |
|
1989 |
1141.00 |
5.01% |
13.99% |
40745 |
2.07% |
2.93% |
|
1990 |
1169.00 |
4.77% |
13.69% |
43500 |
2.48% |
3.02% |
|
1991 |
1314.00 |
5.39% |
13.66% |
43524 |
2.28% |
2.95% |
|
1992 |
1396.00 |
5.45% |
13.48% |
44258 |
2.23% |
2.92% |
|
1993 |
1314.00 |
4.60% |
12.98% |
45644 |
2.30% |
2.92% |
|
1994 |
1495.00 |
5.19% |
13.00% |
44450 |
1.96% |
2.80% |
|
1995 |
1741.00 |
5.86% |
13.08% |
46500 |
2.13% |
2.84% |
|
1996 |
1889.00 |
6.01% |
12.98% |
49000 |
2.31% |
2.89% |
|
1997 |
|
|
|
49250 |
2.21% |
2.84% |
|
1998 |
|
|
|
49000 |
2.07% |
2.77% |
|
1999 |
|
|
|
50800 |
2.15% |
2.79% |
|
2000 |
|
|
|
46251 |
1.59% |
2.54% |
|
2001 |
|
|
|
45262 |
1.42% |
2.44% |
|
2002 |
3050 |
6.61% |
12.43% |
45711 |
1.40% |
2.42% |
|
2003 |
3371 |
6.77% |
12.39% |
43067 |
1.09% |
2.25% |
|
2004 |
3994 |
7.21% |
12.50% |
46947 |
1.39% |
2.38% |
|
2005 |
4529 |
7.45% |
12.52% |
48401 |
1.46% |
2.39% |
|
2006 |
4981 |
7.54% |
12.47% |
49746 |
1.51% |
2.40% |
|
2007 |
5500 |
7.64% |
12.44% |
50150 |
1.48% |
2.37% |
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