据“今日俄罗斯”9月17日报道，叙利亚总统巴沙尔•阿萨德罕见接受了俄罗斯媒体的集体采访，谈及全球和叙利亚面临的恐怖威胁，团结一致反恐的必要性，欧洲难民危机，以及实现叙利亚和平等问题。部分内容摘编如下：
问题4：你最近谈到与埃及的反恐合作，在这点上你们处于同一战线，目前叙利亚和埃及的关系如何?你们是否有直接关系?还是通过俄罗斯这个中介:联系，尤其是在当前俄罗斯和埃及的关系升温的背景下?
阿萨德：即便最近几年叙利亚和埃及的关系也没有终止，哪怕是穆斯林兄弟会成员穆尔西当政时期。首先，埃及人民充分意识到叙利亚正在发生什么，其次，我们其实有着相同的敌人。现在，这变得越来越清晰，恐怖主义已蔓延到利比亚、埃及、也门、叙利亚、伊拉克以及其他阿拉伯国家，还有一些穆斯林国家如阿富汗、巴基斯坦等。所以我说我们和埃及有共同愿景。但我们的关系目前只在安全层级，并无政治关系。例如叙利亚外交部和埃及外交部尚无接触，我们的接触只限于安全级。当然，通过莫斯科我们关系不会终止。正如我所说，埃叙关系没有终止，但我们对俄罗斯和埃及改善关系感到愉快，同时，莫斯科和大马士革间有着良好和深厚的历史渊源，如果叙利亚和埃及的关系能有积极发展，俄罗斯自然也乐见。
问题5：你如何看待在土叙边境设立安全区的想法?你对西方和恐怖组织如努斯拉阵线和其他极端组织的直接合作怎么看?你愿意与谁合作打击ISIS?
阿萨德：在土叙边境建安全区意味着允许其他地方有恐怖主义，这是不可接受的。无论哪里，恐怖主义都必须根除，而且三十年来我们一直呼吁国际联合打击恐怖主义。至于西方与“努斯拉阵线”合作，这是事实，因为我们知道，土耳其支持“努斯拉阵线”和ISIS，为他们提供武器、金钱和人员。土耳其和西方关系密切是众所周知的。埃尔多安和达武特奥卢在没有与美国和其他西方国家协调的情况下不会行动。西方国家一贯认为，恐怖主义只是一张牌，可以时常从口袋里拿出来然后打出去。现在，他们想利用“努斯拉阵线”对付ISIS,或许是因为ISIS以某种方式失去了控制。但那并不意味着他们想消灭ISIS。如果想做，他们一直能做到。我们对ISIS、努斯拉阵线以及所有类似的携带武器并杀戮平民的组织一视同仁，他们都是极端组织。
我们和谁对话是很重要的问题。一开始我们说，如果对话能消除恐怖主义和实现稳定，我们愿同任何党派对话。这自然包括政治力量，但也有武装团体。在与这些团体达成协议后，一些曾经混乱的地区已经恢复平静。在有些地区，这些武装团体加入叙利亚政府军并与之并肩战斗，他们中有些人成为烈士。所以，我们和任何人对话，除了我提到的ISIS、努斯拉阵线等恐怖组织。他们是意识形态化的组织，不是像许多武装团体那样只是简单的反对国家，他们的学说基于恐怖主义，因此与他们对话不会有任何实质结果。我们必须与他们斗争，将其彻底消灭。
问：你希望与谁一起打击恐怖主义?
阿萨德：当然是友好的国家，尤其是俄罗斯和伊朗。我们与伊朗合作还因为伊朗也面临相似的恐怖主义威胁。至于其他国家，假如其有意愿打击恐怖主义，而不是像美国领导的所谓“国际联盟”做的那样，我们一概不会拒绝。事实上，自从“国际联盟”运作后，ISIS在不断壮大。换言之，联盟失败了，没产生实际影响。同时，土耳其、卡塔尔、沙特阿拉伯和西方国家(如法国、美国)庇护恐怖分子，他们无法打击恐怖主义。你不能既支持恐怖分子同时又打击它。但如果这些国家决定改变政策，意识到恐怖主义就像蝎子，放在口袋里会蛰伤自己，倘若他们是确实的而非虚心假意的反恐联盟，那么我们对和所有这些国家合作毫无异议，如果只是一个真实的而非假心假意的反恐联盟。
问题6：叙利亚政府军当前的状况怎样?四年过后，他们是消耗殆尽，还是因军事行动更加强大?有没有后备部队?
阿萨德：当然，有战争就有破坏，不管国家多富强。但这只是一方面。战争也促使整个社会团结一致对敌，社会相信军队，并提供所有必要的支持，如人力资源、志愿者、应召士兵等，一切都是为了保卫国土。同时，战争也提高了军队的专业素质。所以，总是会有积极和消极的方面。我无法回答我们的军队是变得更弱还是更强。你问到我们是否有后备部队，当然有，否则，政府军就无法在严酷的战争中坚持四年半。尤其是今天，我们的敌人几乎是无限量供应的，来自八九十个国家的人前来与恐怖分子并肩作战，而政府军只会由叙利亚人构成。所以我们有储备，这种储备不仅是人力，更有决心，我们捍卫国家的决心比以往时候更为坚决。这就是为什么，有些战士一开始因各种原因与国家作战，但后来幡然醒悟，又加入到国家队伍中来，他们中有的与政府军并肩战斗，有的则成为正规军一员。
相关阅读：
英文原文：
Question 4:Concerning regional factors and proponents, you recently talked about security coordination with Cairo in fighting terrorism, and that you are in the same battle line in this regard. How is your relationship with Cairo today given that it hosts some opposition groups? Do you have a direct relationship, or perhaps through the Russian mediator, particularly in light of the strategic relations between Russia and Egypt. President Sisi has become a welcome guest in Moscow today.
President Assad: Relations between Syria and Egypt have not ceased to exist even over the past few years, and even when the president was Mohammed Morsi, who is a member of the terrorist Muslim Brotherhood organisation. Egyptian institutions insisted on maintaining a certain element of this relationship. First, because the Egyptian people are fully aware of what is happening in Syria, and second because the battle we are fighting is practically against the same enemy. This has now become clearer to everyone. Terrorism has spread in Libya, Egypt, Yemen, Syria, Iraq, in other Arab countries, and in some Muslim countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan and others. That’s why I can say that there is joint vision between us and the Egyptians; but our relationship exists now on a security level. There are no political relations. I mean, there are no contacts between the Syrian Foreign Ministry and the Egyptian Foreign Ministry, for instance. Contacts are done on a security level only. We understand the pressures that might be applied on Egypt or on both Syria and Egypt so that they don’t have a strong relationship. This relationship does not go, of course, through Moscow. As I said, this relationship has never ceased to exist, but we feel comfortable about improving relations between Russia and Egypt. At the same time, there is a good, strong and historical relation between Moscow and Damascus, so it is natural for Russia to feel comfortable for any positive development in relations between Syria and Egypt.
Question 5:Mr. President, allow me to go back to the question of fighting terrorism. How do you look at the idea of creating a region free of ISIS terrorists in the north of the country on the border with Turkey? In that context, what do you say about the indirect cooperation between the West and terrorist organizations like the al-Nusra Front and other extremist groups? And with whom are you willing to cooperate and fight against ISIS terrorists?
President Assad: To say that the border with Turkey should be free of terrorism means that terrorism is allowed in other regions. That is unacceptable. Terrorism should be eradicated everywhere; and we have been calling for three decades for an international coalition to fight terrorism. But as for Western cooperation with the al-Nusra Front, this is reality, because we know that Turkey supports al-Nusra and ISIS by providing them with arms, money and terrorist volunteers. And it is well-known that Turkey has close relations with the West. Erdogan and Davutoglu cannot make a single move without coordinating first with the United States and other Western countries. Al-Nusra and ISIS operate with such a force in the region under Western cover, because Western states have always believed that terrorism is a card they can pull from their pocket and use from time to time. Now, they want to use al-Nusra just against ISIS, maybe because ISIS is out of control one way or another. But that doesn’t mean they want to eradicate ISIS. Had they wanted to do so, they would have been able to do that. For us, ISIS, al-Nusra, and all similar organizations which carry weapons and kill civilians are extremist organizations.
But who we conduct dialogue with is a very important question. From the start we said that we engage in dialogue with any party, if that dialogue leads to degrading terrorism and consequently achieve stability. This naturally includes the political powers, but there are also armed groups with whom we conducted dialogue and reached agreement in troubled areas which have become quiet now. In other areas, these armed groups joined the Syrian Army and are fighting by its side, and some of their members became martyrs. So we talk to everyone except organizations I mentioned like ISIS, al-Nusra, and other similar ones for the simple reason that these organizations base their doctrine on terrorism. They are ideological organizations and are not simply opposed to the state, as is the case with a number of armed groups. Their doctrine is based on terrorism, and consequently dialogue with such organizations cannot lead to any real result. We should fight and eradicate them completely and talking to them is absolutely futile.
Intervention:When talking about regional partners, with whom are you prepared to cooperate in fighting terrorism?
President Assad: Certainly with friendly countries, particularly Russia and Iran. Also we are cooperating with Iraq because it faces the same type of terrorism. As for other countries, we have no veto on any country provided that it has the will to fight terrorism and not as they are doing in what is called “the international coalition” led by the United States. In fact, since this coalition started to operate, ISIS has been expanding. In other words, the coalition has failed and has no real impact on the ground. At the same time, countries like Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Western countries which provide cover for terrorism like France, the United States, or others, cannot fight terrorism. You cannot be with and against terrorism at the same time. But if these countries decide to change their policies and realize that terrorism is like a scorpion, if you put it in your pocket, it will sting you. If that happens, we have no objection to cooperating with all these countries, provided it is a real and not a fake coalition to fight terrorism.
Question 6:What is the Syrian army’s current condition? They’ve been fighting for over four years. Are they exhausted by the war, or become stronger as a result of engagement in military operations? And are there reserve forces to support them? I also have another important question: you said a large number of former adversaries have moved to your side and are fighting within the ranks of government forces. How many? And what is the extent of their help in the fight against extremist groups?
President Assad: Of course, war is bad. And any war is destructive, any war weakens any society and any army, no matter how strong or rich a country is. But things cannot be assessed this way. War is supposed to unite society against the enemy. The army becomes the most-important symbol for any society when there is aggression against the country. Society embraces the army, and provides it with all the necessary support, including human resources, volunteers, conscripts, in order to defend the homeland. At the same time, war provides a great deal of expertise to any armed forces practically and militarily. So, there are always positive and negative aspects. We cannot say that the army becomes weaker or stronger. But in return, this social embrace and support for the army provides it with volunteers. So, in answer to your question ‘are there reserves?’… yes, certainly, for without such reserves, the army wouldn’t have been able to stand for four-and-a-half years in a very tough war, particularly since the enemy we fight today has an unlimited supply of people. We have terrorist fighters from over 80 or 90 countries today, so our enemy is enjoying enormous support in various countries, from where people come here to fight alongside the terrorists. As for the army, it's almost exclusively made of Syrians. So, we have reserve forces, and this is what enables us to carry on. There is also determination. We have reserves not only in terms of human power, but in will as well. We are more determined than ever before to fight and defend our country against terrorists. This is what led some fighters who used to fight against the state at the beginning for varying reasons, discovered they were wrong and decided to join the state. Now they are fighting battles along with the army, and some have actually joined as regular soldiers. Some have kept their weapons, but they are fighting in groups alongside the armed forces in different parts of Syria.
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